BASIC TOOLS OF SURVEYING (P-1)

BASIC TOOLS OF SURVEYING

Surveying is the technique, profession, and since of determining dimensions and contour of the Earth’s Surface.

                                     Using specialized surveying equipment, professional surveyors determine land boundaries for a variety of important reasons.

One of the main tasks of a surveyor is to measure the surface of the earth.  This display is representative of the early tools used by the surveyor and briefly describes their purpose and uses

The Chain:

                             This is an example of a "chain" that is normally 66' long consisting of 100 links.  A "chain" of 66' can also be described as being 4 poles of 16.5'.

Other tools used by a surveyor to measure distance can be a steel tape of lengths of up to 500' and the modern electronic distance measuring devices that can measure distances in excess of several miles with the use of reflector prisms.

In fact, the first men to land on the moon left behind a grouping of reflector prisms that allowed surveyors and scientists to measure the distance from the earth to the moon to an accuracy of just a couple of feet.

Types of Chain:

1)      Matric chain

2)      Steel band chain

3)      Gunter’s chain

4)      Revenue chain

5)      Engineering chain

Arrows (chain pins):

                        They are also called as marking or chaining pins and are used to mark the end of chain during the process of chaining. Thy are made up of good quality hardened and tempered steel wire of 4mm in diameter. The arrows are made 400mm in length. They are pointed at one end of inserting in to the ground. The other end is in to a ring

The Tapes:

                        The tape is used for measuring distance. There are diff types of tapes.

1)      Cloth or linen tape

2)      Metric woven metallic tape

3)      Matric steel tape

4)      Invar tape

5)      Synthetics tape