BASIC TOOLS OF SURVEYING
Surveying is the technique,
profession, and since of determining dimensions and contour of the Earth’s Surface.
Using specialized surveying equipment,
professional surveyors determine land boundaries for a variety of important
reasons.
One of the main tasks of a surveyor
is to measure the surface of the earth. This display is representative of
the early tools used by the surveyor and briefly describes their purpose and
uses
The Chain:
This
is an example of a "chain" that is normally 66' long consisting of
100 links. A "chain" of 66' can also be described as being 4
poles of 16.5'.
Other tools used by a surveyor to
measure distance can be a steel tape of lengths of up to 500' and the modern
electronic distance measuring devices that can measure distances in excess of
several miles with the use of reflector prisms.
In fact,
the first men to land on the moon left behind a grouping of reflector prisms
that allowed surveyors and scientists to measure the distance from the earth to
the moon to an accuracy of just a couple of feet.
Types of Chain:
1)
Matric chain
2)
Steel band
chain
3)
Gunter’s chain
4)
Revenue chain
5)
Engineering
chain
Arrows (chain pins):
They are also called as
marking or chaining pins and are used to mark the end of chain during the
process of chaining. Thy are made up of good quality hardened and tempered
steel wire of 4mm in diameter. The arrows are made 400mm in length. They are
pointed at one end of inserting in to the ground. The other end is in to a ring
The Tapes:
The tape is used for
measuring distance. There are diff types of tapes.
1) Cloth or linen tape
2) Metric woven metallic tape
3) Matric steel tape
4) Invar tape
5) Synthetics tape
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